I-compressor ngumatshini ontsonkothileyo osebenza ngesantya esiphezulu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthambisa okwaneleyo kwe-crankshaft ye-compressor, iibheringi, iintonga zokudibanisa, ii-piston kunye nezinye iindawo ezihambayo yimfuneko esisiseko yokugcina ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo komatshini. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abavelisi be-compressor bafuna ukusetyenziswa kwamanqanaba athile eoyile yokuthambisa, kwaye bafuna ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwinqanaba leoyile kunye nombala weoyile yokuthambisa. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokungakhathali kuyilo lwenkqubo yokufriji, ukwakhiwa kunye nokugcinwa, ukungabikho kweoyile kwi-compressor, ukucola kunye nokonakala kweoyile, ukuxutywa kolwelo, ukufuthwa kwefriji, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweoyile yokuthambisa engaphantsi, njl.njl., zixhaphakile.
1. Ukuthambisa okunganelanga
Isizathu esithe ngqo sokuguguleka: ukuthambisa okunganelanga. Ukunqongophala kweoyile ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kubangela ukuthambisa okunganelanga, kodwa ukuthambisa okunganelanga akubangelwa kukunqongophala kweoyile.
Ezi zizathu zintathu zilandelayo zinokubangela ukuthambisa okunganelanga:
Isithambisi asikwazi ukufikelela kwiindawo zokubeka iibheringi.
Nangona ioyile yokuthambisa ifikelele kumphezulu wokuthwala, i-viscosity yayo incinci kakhulu ukuba ingadala ifilimu yeoyile enobukhulu obaneleyo.
Nangona ioyile yokuthambisa ifikelele kumphezulu webheri, iyabola ngenxa yokushisa kakhulu kwaye ayinakuthambisa.
Iziphumo ezibi ezibangelwayo: inethiwekhi yokufunxa ioyile okanye ukuvaleka kwemibhobho yokuhambisa ioyile, ukungaphumeleli kwepompo yeoyile, njl.njl. kuya kuchaphazela ukuhanjiswa kweoyile yokuthambisa, kwaye ioyile yokuthambisa ayinakufikelela kumphezulu wokungqubana kude nepompo yeoyile. Inethi yokufunxa ioyile kunye nepompo yeoyile ziqhelekile, kodwa ukuguguleka kweebheringi, ukususwa okugqithisileyo, njl.njl. kubangela ukuvuza kweoyile kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi lweoyile, okuya kwenza umphezulu wokungqubana kude nepompo yeoyile ungakwazi ukufumana ioyile yokuthambisa, okubangela ukuguguleka nokukrweleka.
Ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo (kuquka inqanaba lokuqala kwecompressor), ubushushu bomphezulu wokungqubana ngaphandle kweoyile yokuthambisa buya kunyuka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ioyile yokuthambisa iya kuqala ukubola emva kokudlula i-175°C. "Ukungonelanga kokuthambisa-ukungqubana-umphezulu wobushushu obuphezulu-ukubola kweoyile" ngumjikelo oqhelekileyo wokugquma, kwaye iingozi ezininzi ezigqumayo, kuquka ukukhiya kweshaft yentonga kunye nokuxinana kwepiston, zinxulumene nalo mjikelo wokugquma. Xa utshintsha ipleyiti yevalvu, jonga ukuguguleka kwepiston pin.
2. Ukunqongophala kweoyile
Ukungabikho kweoyile yenye yezona mpazamo zecompressor ezibonakala lula. Xa icompressor ingenayo ioyile, akukho oyile yokuthambisa incinci okanye akukho oyile yokuthambisa kwi-crankcase.
Ioyile yokuthambisa ephuma kwicompressor ayibuyi: icompressor ayizukuba neoyile ukuba ioyile yokuthambisa ayibuyi.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokubuyisela ioyile kwicompressor:
Enye yi-oyile yokubuyisela isahluli seoyile.
Enye yipayipi yokubuyisela ioyile.
I-oyile yokwahlulahlula ifakwe kumbhobho wokukhupha umoya we-compressor, onokuhlukanisa ngokubanzi i-50-95% yeoyile, kunye nesiphumo esihle sokubuya kweoyile kunye nesantya esikhawulezayo, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu inani leoyile engena kumbhobho wenkqubo, ngaloo ndlela yolula ixesha lokusebenza ngaphandle kwexesha lokubuyisela ioyile. Kwiinkqubo zokugcina iifriji zokugcina ezibandayo ezineepayipi ezinde ngakumbi, iinkqubo zokwenza umkhenkce ezigcwele amanzi, kunye nezixhobo zokomisa umkhenkce ezinamaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu, ukufakelwa kwezixhobo zokwahlulahlula ioyile ezisebenzayo kakhulu kunokwandisa ixesha lokusebenza kwe-compressor ngaphandle kokubuyisela ioyile, ukuze i-compressor ikwazi ukudlula ngokukhuselekileyo kwixesha elingenamsebenzi emva kokuqalisa. Sibuyela kwinqanaba lengxaki yeoyile.
Ioyile yokuthambisa engahlukaniswanga iya kungena kwinkqubo: iya kuhamba nefriji ekwipayipi ukuze yenze umjikelo weoyile.
Emva kokuba ioyile yokuthambisa ingena kwi-evaporator:
Kwelinye icala, ngenxa yobushushu obuphantsi kunye nokunyibilika okuphantsi, inxalenye yeoyile yokuthambisa yahlulwe kwifriji.
Kwelinye icala, ubushushu buphantsi kwaye i-viscosity iphezulu, kwaye i-oyile yokuthambisa eyahlukileyo kulula ukuyinamathela eludongeni olungaphakathi lombhobho, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuhamba.
Okukhona ubushushu bokufuma buphantsi, kokukhona kunzima ukubuyisela ioyile. Oku kufuna ukuba uyilo kunye nokwakhiwa kombhobho wokufuma kunye nombhobho wokubuya kufuneka kube lula ekubuyiseleni ioyile. Isiqhelo kukwamkela uyilo lombhobho ohlayo kwaye kuqinisekiswe isantya somoya esikhulu. Kwiinkqubo zokufriji ezineqondo lobushushu eliphantsi kakhulu, njenge--85°C kunye ne--150°C iibhokisi zonyango ze-cryogenic, ukongeza ekukhetheni izahluli zeoyile ezisebenzayo kakhulu, izinyibilikisi ezikhethekileyo zihlala zongezwa ukuthintela ioyile yokuthambisa ekuvaleleni iityhubhu ze-capillary kunye neevalvu zokwandisa, kunye nokunceda ioyile ibuye.
Kwiindlela ezisebenzayo, iingxaki zokubuyisa ioyile ezibangelwa kuyilo olungafanelekanga lwee-evaporators kunye nemigca yomoya wokubuyisa aziqhelekanga. Kwiinkqubo ze-R22 kunye ne-R404A, ukubuya kweoyile ye-evaporator ekhukuliswe ngamanzi kunzima kakhulu, kwaye uyilo lombhobho wokubuyisela ioyile yenkqubo kufuneka luqapheleke kakhulu. Ukusetyenziswa kokwahlulwa kweoyile esebenza kakuhle kunokunciphisa kakhulu inani leoyile engena kumbhobho wenkqubo, kwenze ixesha lihlale ixesha elide ngaphandle kokubuya kweoyile kumbhobho womoya wokubuyisa emva kokuqalisa.
Xa icompressor iphezulu kune-evaporator, kufuneka umgibe weoyile yokubuyisela kumgca wokubuyisela othe nkqo. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ioyile ibuya phantsi komthwalo omncinci, umbhobho wokufunxa othe nkqo unokusebenzisa umbhobho omibini omileyo.
Ukuqalisa rhoqo kwecompressor akuhambisani nokubuyiselwa kweoyile. Ngenxa yokuba ixesha lokusebenza eliqhubekayo lifutshane, icompressor iyayeka, kwaye akukho xesha lokwenza umoya ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu ozinzileyo kumbhobho womoya obuyayo, ngoko ke ioyile yokuthambisa inokuhlala kuphela kumbhobho. Ukuba ioyile yokubuya ingaphantsi kweoyile ye-rush, icompressor iya kuba neoyile enqongopheleyo.
Xa inyibilika, ubushushu be-evaporator buyanyuka, kwaye i-viscosity yeoyile yokuthambisa iyancipha, okwenza kube lula ukuhamba. Emva komjikelo wokunyibilika, izinga lokuhamba kwe-refrigerant liphezulu, kwaye ioyile yokuthambisa ebambekileyo iya kubuyela kwi-compressor. Xa kukho ukuvuza okuninzi kwe-refrigerant, isantya sokubuya kwegesi siya kuncipha. Ukuba isantya siphantsi kakhulu, ioyile yokuthambisa iya kuhlala kumbhobho wegesi yokubuyisela kwaye ayinakubuyela kwi-compressor ngokukhawuleza.
Isixhobo sokukhusela ukhuseleko loxinzelelo lweoyile siya kuma ngokuzenzekelayo xa kungekho oyile yokukhusela icompressor ekonakalisweni. Akukho glasi yokubona
Iicompressor ezivalekileyo ngokupheleleyo (kuquka ii-rotor kunye nee-scroll compressors) kunye neecompressor ezipholileyo ngomoya ezinezixhobo zokhuseleko loxinzelelo lweoyile azinazo iimpawu ezibonakalayo xa ioyile ingekho, kwaye aziyi kuyeka, kwaye icompressor iya kuguga ingazi.
Ingxolo yecompressor, ukungcangcazela okanye umsinga ogqithisileyo unokunxulunyaniswa nokungabikho kweoyile, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukugweba ngokuchanekileyo imeko yokusebenza kwecompressor kunye nenkqubo.
3. Isiphelo
Isizathu esiyintloko sokunqongophala kweoyile asikokuba icompressor iphelelwa yioyile kangakanani na, kodwa kukungabuyi kakuhle kweoyile kwinkqubo. Ukufakela i-oyile yokwahlulahlula kunokubuyisela ioyile ngokukhawuleza kwaye kwandise ixesha lokusebenza kwecompressor ngaphandle kokubuya kweoyile. Ii-evaporators kunye nee-return lines kufuneka ziyilwe kucingwa ngokubuyiselwa kweoyile. Amanyathelo okugcina anjengokuphepha ukuqala rhoqo, ukunyibilikisa ixesha, ukugcwalisa i-refrigerant ngexesha, kunye nokutshintsha izinto ezigugileyo zepiston ngexesha nako kunceda ukubuya kweoyile.
Ukubuyiswa kolwelo kunye nokufuduka kwe-refrigerant kuya kuyinciphisa i-oyile yokuthambisa, engayi kunceda ekudalweni kwefilimu yeoyile;
Ukungaphumeleli kwepompo yeoyile kunye nokuvaleka kwesekethe yeoyile kuya kuchaphazela ukunikezelwa kweoyile kunye noxinzelelo lweoyile, okubangela ukungabikho kweoyile kumphezulu wokungqubana;
Ubushushu obuphezulu bomphezulu wokungqubana buya kukhuthaza ukubola kweoyile yokuthambisa kwaye kwenze ioyile yokuthambisa ilahlekelwe ngamandla ayo okuthambisa;
Ukungoneli kokuthambisa okubangelwa zezi ngxaki zintathu kudla ngokubangela umonakalo kwicompressor. Unobangela oyintloko wokunqongophala kweoyile yinkqubo. Ukutshintsha icompressor okanye ezinye izixhobo akunakusombulula ingxaki yokunqongophala kweoyile kuphela.
Ngoko ke, uyilo lwenkqubo kunye nokwakhiwa kwemibhobho kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ingxaki yokubuya kweoyile kwenkqubo, kungenjalo kuya kubakho iingxaki ezingapheliyo! Umzekelo, ngexesha loyilo nokwakhiwa, umbhobho wokubuyisela umoya we-evaporator unikwa i-oyile yokubuyela, kwaye umbhobho wokukhupha umoya unikwa i-check bend. Zonke iipayipi kufuneka zihambe ecaleni kolwelo. Icala liyehla lonke, kunye nomthambeka we-0.3 ~ 0.5%.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-26-2022
