1. Ulwazi olusisiseko lwe-central air conditioning
1. Yintoni i-refrigerant kwaye yintoni umgaqo wayo osebenzayo?
Into esebenzayo edlulisela ubushushu phakathi kwento eza kupholiswa kunye nendawo engqongileyo, ize ekugqibeleni idlulisele ubushushu ukusuka kwinto eza kupholiswa ukuya kwindawo engqongileyo efrijini eyenza umjikelo wokuphola. Umgaqo wayo osebenzayo kukuba ifriji ifunxe ubushushu bento epholileyo ekwi-evaporator ize iphele.
2. Yintoni i-refrigerant yesibini kwaye yintoni umgaqo wayo osebenzayo?
Into ephakathi edlulisela amandla okupholisa esixhobo sokuqandisa ukuya kwindawo epholileyo. Umzekelo, amanzi abandayo asetyenziswa rhoqo okupholisa umoya ayapholiswa kwi-evaporator aze ahanjiswe kumgama omde ukuze apholise izinto ezifuna ukupholiswa.
3. Yintoni ubushushu obuqondakalayo?
Oko kukuthi, ubushushu obubangela utshintsho kubushushu ngaphandle kokutshintsha uhlobo lwento bubizwa ngokuba bubushushu obuqondakalayo. Utshintsho lobushushu oluqondakalayo lunokulinganiswa ngezixhobo zokulinganisa ubushushu.
4. Yintoni ubushushu obufihlakeleyo?
Ubushushu obubangela utshintsho lwemo (okwaziwa ngokuba yi-phase transition) ngaphandle kokutshintsha ubushushu bento bubizwa ngokuba bubushushu obufihlakeleyo. Utshintsho lobushushu obufihlakeleyo alunakulinganiswa ngezixhobo zokulinganisa ubushushu.
5. Yintoni uxinzelelo olutshintshatshintshayo, uxinzelelo olungaguqukiyo kunye noxinzelelo olupheleleyo?
Xa ukhetha i-air conditioner okanye ifeni, kukho iingcamango ezintathu zoxinzelelo olungaguqukiyo, uxinzelelo olutshintshatshintshayo, kunye noxinzelelo olupheleleyo.
Uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo (Pi): Uxinzelelo oluveliswa yimpembelelo yeemolekyuli zomoya eludongeni lombhobho ngenxa yentshukumo engaqhelekanga lubizwa ngokuba luxinzelelo oluzinzileyo. Xa kubalwa, uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo olune-vacuum epheleleyo njengenqaku le-zero yokubala lubizwa ngokuba luxinzelelo oluzinzileyo olupheleleyo. Uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo olune-atmospheric pressure njengo-zero lubizwa ngokuba luxinzelelo oluzinzileyo oluqhelekileyo. Uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo olukwi-air conditioner lubhekisa kuxinzelelo oluzinzileyo oluqhelekileyo. Uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo lulungile xa luphezulu kunoxinzelelo lomoya kwaye lubi xa luphantsi kunoxinzelelo lomoya.
Uxinzelelo olutshintshayo (Pb): lubhekisa kuxinzelelo oluveliswa xa umoya uhamba. Lo gama nje umoya uhamba kwi-air duct, kuya kubakho uxinzelelo oluthile olutshintshayo, kwaye ixabiso lalo liya kuhlala lihle.
Uxinzelelo olupheleleyo (Pq): Uxinzelelo olupheleleyo sisixa se-algebraic soxinzelelo oluzinzileyo kunye noxinzelelo oluguquguqukayo: Pq=Pi + Pb. Uxinzelelo olupheleleyo lumele amandla apheleleyo aphethwe yigesi eyi-1m3. Ukuba uxinzelelo lomoya lusetyenziswa njengendawo yokuqala yokubala, lunokuba luhle okanye lube lubi.
2. Uhlu lwee-air conditioner
1. Ngokwenjongo yokusetyenziswa, zeziphi iintlobo zee-air conditioner ezinokwahlulwa zibe zii?
Isicoci somoya esikhululekileyo: sifuna ubushushu obufanelekileyo, indawo ekhululekileyo, akukho mfuneko ingqongqo yokulungiswa kobushushu kunye nokufuma, isetyenziswa ezindlwini, kwiiofisi, kwiithiyetha, kwiindawo zokuthenga ezinkulu, kwiindawo zokuzilolonga, kwiimoto, kwiinqanawa, kwiinqwelomoya, njl.njl.
I-process air conditioner: Kukho imfuneko ethile yokulungelelanisa ukuchaneka kobushushu, kwaye kukwakho nemfuneko ephezulu yokucoceka komoya. Isetyenziswa kwiiworkshops zemveliso yezixhobo ze-elektroniki, iiworkshops zemveliso yezixhobo ezichanekileyo, amagumbi eekhompyutha, iilabhoratri zebhayoloji, njl.njl.
2. Ngokwendlela yokunyanga umoya, zeziphi iintlobo enokwahlulwa zibe zizo?
Umoya opholileyo ophakathi: Izixhobo zokucoca umoya zixinene kwigumbi lomoya opholileyo eliphakathi, kwaye umoya ocociweyo uthunyelwa kwinkqubo yokupholisa umoya kwigumbi ngalinye ngepayipi yomoya. Ifanelekile kwiindawo ezineendawo ezinkulu, amagumbi axineneyo, kunye nemithwalo yobushushu kunye nokufuma esondeleyo kwigumbi ngalinye.
I-air-conditioner esembindini: Inkqubo ye-air-conditioner ene-air-conditioner esembindini kunye neeyunithi zesiphelo ezisebenza ngomoya. Le nkqubo iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye inokufikelela kulungelelwaniso oluphezulu. Ifanelekile kwiiworkshops nakwiilabhoratri ezineemfuno eziphezulu zokuchaneka komoya.
I-air conditioner engaphelelanga: Igumbi ngalinye linezixhobo zalo zokulungisa i-air conditioner, njenge-air conditioner ehlukeneyo. Isenokuba yinkqubo eyenziwe zii-air conditioner ze-fan-coil ezineepayipi ezibonelela ngamanzi abandayo nashushu embindini, kwaye igumbi ngalinye linokulungelelanisa ubushushu begumbi lalo njengoko kufuneka.
3. Ngokwendlela yokupholisa, zeziphi iintlobo enokwahlulwa ngazo?
Iiyunithi ezinkulu zomoya opholileyo: ezifana nohlobo lwe-sprinkler yendibano ethe tye, iiyunithi zomoya opholileyo opholiswe ngaphezulu, ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo zokusebenzela ezinkulu, kwiibhanyabhanya, njl.njl.
Iiyunithi zomoya opholileyo eziphakathi: ezinje ngee-water chillers kunye nee-air conditioner zeekhabhinethi, njl.njl., ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo zokusebenzela ezincinci, amagumbi eekhompyutha, kwiindawo zeenkomfa, kwiindawo zokutyela, njl.njl.
Iiyunithi ezincinci zomoya opholileyo: ii-air conditioner zohlobo oluhlukeneyo zeeofisi, amakhaya, izindlu zeendwendwe, njl.njl.
4. Ngokwenani lomoya omtsha, zeziphi iintlobo ze-air conditioner ezinokwahlulwa zibe zii?
Inkqubo yokungena kanye: Umoya ocociweyo ngumoya omtsha, othunyelwa kwigumbi ngalinye ukuze kutshintshiswe ubushushu kunye nomswakama uze ukhutshelwe ngaphandle, ngaphandle kwemibhobho yomoya ebuyayo.
Inkqubo evaliweyo: yinkqubo apho wonke umoya ocutshungulwa yinkqubo yomoya opholileyo ujikeleziswa khona kwaye kungabikho moya mtsha wongezwayo.
Inkqubo yeHybrid: Umoya ophathwa yi-air conditioner ngumxube womoya obuyayo nomoya omtsha.
5. Ihlelwe ngokwesantya sokuhanjiswa komoya?
Inkqubo yesantya esiphezulu: isantya somoya sendlela ephambili yomoya yi-20-30m/s.
Inkqubo yesantya esiphantsi: isantya somoya sendlela ephambili yomoya singaphantsi kwe-12m/s.
3. Amagama aqhelekileyo e-air conditioner
1. Umthamo wokupholisa oqhelekileyo
Ubushushu obususwa kwindawo okanye kwigumbi yi-air conditioner phantsi kwemeko yokupholisa eqhelekileyo ngexesha ngalinye bubizwa ngokuba ngumthamo wokupholisa oqhelekileyo.
2. Umthamo wokufudumeza oqhelekileyo
Ubushushu obukhutshwa yi-air conditioner buye kwindawo okanye kwigumbi phantsi kwemeko yokufudumeza eqhelekileyo ngexesha ngalinye.
3. Umlinganiselo Wokusebenza Kakuhle Kwamandla (EER)
Amandla okufaka injini abonisa umlinganiselo womthamo wokupholisa we-air conditioner kumandla okupholisa ngexesha lokusebenza kokupholisa, kwaye iyunithi yi-W/W.
4. Ipharamitha yokusebenza (i-COP)
Ipharamitha yokusebenza ixabiso le-COP yecompressor yefriji, oko kukuthi: amandla okupholisa ngeyunithi nganye yamandla eshafti.
5. Iiyunithi zokulinganisa umoya opholileyo kunye nokuguqulwa okuqhelekileyo:
I-kilowatt enye (KW) = iikhalori ezingama-860 (Kcal/h).
Ikhalori enkulu (Kcal/h) = 1.163 watts (w).
Itoni efrijini e-1 (USRT) = 3024 kcal (Kcal/h).
I-1 Refrigeration Ton (USRT) = 3517 Watts (W).
4. Ii-air conditioner eziqhelekileyo
1. Isixhobo sokupholisa esipholileyo ngamanzi
I-chiller epholiswe ngamanzi iyinxalenye yeyunithi yokukhenkceza yenkqubo yomoya opholileyo ephakathi. I-refrigerant yayo ngamanzi, ebizwa ngokuba yi-chiller, kwaye ukupholisa kwe-condenser kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa utshintshiselwano lobushushu kunye nokupholisa amanzi obushushu obuqhelekileyo. Ke ngoko, ibizwa ngokuba yiyunithi epholiswe ngamanzi, kwaye ngokuchaseneyo neyunithi epholiswe ngamanzi ibizwa ngokuba yiyunithi epholiswe ngomoya. I-condenser yeyunithi epholiswe ngomoya ifezekisa injongo yokupholisa ngokuphefumla ngokunyanzelisa kunye notshintshiselwano lobushushu nomoya wangaphandle.
2. Inkqubo yeVRV
Inkqubo yeVRV yinkqubo yokuhamba kwefriji eguquguqukayo. Uhlobo lwayo liqela leeyunithi zangaphandle, ezakhiwe ziiyunithi ezisebenzayo, iiyunithi zesantya esingaguqukiyo kunye neeyunithi zokuguqula amaza. Ngokudibanisa inkqubo yeyunithi yangaphandle ngaxeshanye, iipayipi zefriji zixutywe kwinkqubo yepayipi enye, enokuthelekiswa ngokulula ngokomthamo weyunithi yangaphakathi.
Iiyunithi ezifikelela kuma-30 zangaphakathi zinokudityaniswa kwiqela elinye leeyunithi zangaphakathi, kwaye umthamo weyunithi yangaphakathi unokulungiswa ngaphakathi kwe-50% ukuya kwi-130% yomthamo weyunithi yangaphandle.
3. Umatshini wemodyuli
Yaphuhliswa ngesiseko senkqubo yeVRV, umatshini wemodyuli utshintsha umbhobho wendabuko weFreon ube yinkqubo yamanzi, udibanisa iiyunithi zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zibe yiyunithi yokukhenkcisa, kwaye utshintsha iyunithi yangaphakathi ibe yiyunithi yekhoyili yefeni. Inkqubo yokukhenkcisa yenziwa ngokusebenzisa utshintshiselwano lobushushu lwamanzi ekhenkcisa. Umatshini wemodyuli ufumana igama lawo kuba unokulungisa ngokuzenzekelayo inani leeyunithi zokuqala ngokweemfuno zomthwalo wokupholisa kwaye wenze indibaniselwano eguquguqukayo.
4. Isixhobo sokupholisa i-piston
I-piston chiller sisixhobo esidibeneyo sokukhenkcisa esisetyenziselwa ngokukodwa iinjongo zokupholisa umoya opholileyo, esidibanisa ngokudibeneyo i-compressor yokukhenkcisa i-piston, izixhobo ezincedisayo kunye nezixhobo ezifunekayo ukuze kufezekiswe umjikelo wokukhenkcisa. I-piston chillers ezikhenkcisa zodwa ziqala kwi-60 ukuya kwi-900KW, zilungele iiprojekthi eziphakathi nezincinci.
5. Isitshizi sesikrufu
Ii-screw chillers zizixhobo ezinkulu neziphakathi zokukhenkceza ezibonelela ngamanzi abandayo. Zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuphola komoya kuphando lokhuselo lwesizwe, uphuhliso lwamandla, ezothutho, iihotele, iindawo zokutyela, ishishini lokukhanya, amalaphu kunye namanye amasebe, kunye namanzi abandayo kwiiprojekthi zokugcina amanzi kunye namandla ombane. I-screw chiller yinkqubo epheleleyo yokukhenkceza eyenziwe yiyunithi ye-screw refrigeration compressor, i-condenser, i-evaporator, izixhobo zokulawula ezenzekelayo kunye nezixhobo. Inezibonelelo zesakhiwo esincinci, ubungakanani obuncinci, ubunzima obulula, indawo encinci, ukusebenza okulula kunye nokugcinwa, kunye nokusebenza okuzinzileyo, ngoko ke isetyenziswa kakhulu. Umthamo wayo wokupholisa weyunithi enye ususela kwi-150 ukuya kwi-2200KW, kwaye ifanelekile kwiiprojekthi eziphakathi nezinkulu.
6. Isitshizi seCentrifugal
I-centrifugal chiller yi-chiller epheleleyo eyenziwe zii-centrifugal friji compressors, ii-evaporators ezifanayo, ii-condenser, izixhobo zokulawula ukuthomalalisa kunye neemitha zombane. Umthamo wokupholisa womatshini omnye ususela kwi-700 ukuya kwi-4200KW. Ifanelekile kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu nezinkulu kakhulu.
7. Isixhobo sokufunxa i-lithium bromide
I-lithium bromide absorption chiller isebenzisa amandla obushushu njengamandla, amanzi njenge-refrigerant, kunye nesisombululo se-lithium bromide njengesifunxi ukuvelisa amanzi e-refrigerant angaphezu kwe-0°C, anokusetyenziswa njengomthombo obandayo kwiinkqubo zomoya okanye zemveliso. I-lithium bromide absorption chiller isebenzisa amandla obushushu njengoko Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziqhelekileyo zamandla: uhlobo lokutsha ngqo, uhlobo lomphunga, kunye nohlobo lwamanzi ashushu. Amandla okupholisa aqala kwi-230 ukuya kwi-5800KW, efanelekileyo kwiiprojekthi eziphakathi, ezinkulu, kunye nezinkulu kakhulu.
5. Uhlu lweeyunithi zomoya opholileyo eziphakathi
Iyunithi yomoya opholileyo ephakathi yeyona nxalenye iphambili yenkqubo yomoya opholileyo ephakathi. Ukukhetha ngokufanelekileyo iiyunithi kubaluleke kakhulu kwiprojekthi yomoya opholileyo ephakathi. Ngokuphathelele indlela yokukhenkceza kunye nokuhlelwa kwesakhiwo seeyunithi zamanzi abandayo (ashushu), zinokwahlulwa zibe zezi zilandelayo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Feb-06-2023
