Iinkqubo zokukhenkcisa zisebenzisa iifriji njengolwelo olusebenzayo, kwaye iifriji ngokubanzi zineendlela ezimbini: ulwelo kunye negesi. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngolwazi olufanelekileyo malunga neefriji ezingamanzi.
1. Ingaba lulwelo olubandayo okanye yigesi?
Iifriji zingahlulwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezi-3: iifriji ze-single refrigerant, ii-non-azeotropic mixed refrigerants, kunye nee-azeotropic mixed refrigerants.
Ulwakhiwo lwesithako esinye esisebenzayo esifrijini aluyi kutshintsha nokuba singumoya okanye lulwelo, ngoko ke imeko yegesi inokutshajwa xa kutshajwa ifriji.
Nangona ukwakheka kwe-azeotropic refrigerant kwahlukile, kuba iqondo lokubila liyafana, ukwakheka kwegesi kunye nolwelo nako kuyafana, ngoko ke igesi inokutshajwa;
Ngenxa yamanqanaba ahlukeneyo okubila eefriji ezingezizo ezeotropic, iifriji ezingamanzi kunye neefriji zegesi zahlukile ngokwenene ngokwakheka kwazo. Ukuba iifriji zegesi zongezwa ngeli xesha, ukwakheka kweefriji ezongeziweyo kuya kwahluka. Umzekelo, kongezwa ifriji ethile yegesi kuphela. Ifriji, ngoko ke kungongezwa ulwelo kuphela.
Oko kukuthi, ii-refrigerants ezingezizo ezeotropic kufuneka zongezwe kunye nolwelo, kwaye ii-refrigerants ezingezizo ezeotropic zonke ziqala nge-R4. Olu hlobo lolwelo luyongezwa. Ii-refrigerants eziqhelekileyo ezingezizo ezeotropic zezi: R40, R401A, R403B, R404A, R406A , R407A, R407B, R407C, R408A, R409A, R410A, R41A.
Ngokuphathelele ezinye iifriji eziqhelekileyo, ezifana nezi: R134a, R22, R23, R290, R32, R500, R600a, ukwakheka kwefriji akuyi kuchaphazeleka kukongeza igesi okanye ulwelo, ngoko ke kulula.
Xa sifaka i-refrigerant, kufuneka siqwalasele oku kulandelayo:
(1) Jonga amaqamza kwiglasi yokubona;
(2) Linganisa uxinzelelo oluphezulu noluphantsi;
(3) Linganisa umsinga wecompressor;
(4) Linganisa inaliti.
Ukongeza, kufuneka kuqatshelwe kwaye kugxininiswe ukuba:
Iifriji ezingezizo ezeotropic kufuneka zongezwe zikwimeko yolwelo. Umzekelo, i-R410A refrigerant, ukwakheka kwayo kulandelayo:
I-R32 (i-difluoromethane): 50%;
R125 (i-pentafluoroethane): 50%;
Ngenxa yokuba iindawo zokubilisa ze-R32 kunye ne-R125 zahlukile, xa isilinda se-refrigerant ye-R410A ishiywe imi, indawo yokubilisa ye-R32 kunye ne-R125 yahlukile, nto leyo eya kukhokelela kwi-refrigerant yegesi ephumayo kwinxalenye ephezulu yesilinda ye-refrigerant, kwaye ulwakhiwo lwayo aluyi-50% R32+ 50% R125, kuba indawo yokubilisa ye-R32 iphantsi, kunokwenzeka ukuba inxalenye ephezulu yesifriji iyinxalenye ye-R32.
Ngoko ke, ukuba kongezwa i-refrigerant enegesi, i-refrigerant eyongeziweyo ayisiyo i-R410A, kodwa yi-R32.
Okwesibini, iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zeefriji ezingamanzi
1. Ukufuduka kolwelo olubandayo
Ukufuduka kwe-refrigerant kubhekisa ekuqokeleleni kwe-refrigerant engamanzi kwi-crankcase ye-compressor xa i-compressor ivaliwe. Logama nje ubushushu obungaphakathi kwi-compressor bupholile kunobushushu obungaphakathi kwi-evaporator, umahluko woxinzelelo phakathi kwe-compressor kunye ne-evaporator uya kuyiqhubela i-refrigerant kwindawo epholileyo. Le nto inokwenzeka kakhulu ebusika obubandayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwii-air conditioners kunye neepompo zobushushu, xa iyunithi yokufunxa ikude ne-compressor, ukufuduka kunokwenzeka nokuba ubushushu buphezulu.
Nje ukuba inkqubo ivaliwe, ukuba ayivulwanga kwiiyure ezimbalwa, nokuba akukho mahluko kuxinzelelo, into yokufuduka inokwenzeka ngenxa yokutsalwa kwefriji ekwi-crankcase kwi-refrigerant.
Ukuba i-refrigerant engaphezulu ingena kwi-crankcase ye-compressor, kuya kwenzeka into enzima ye-liquid slam xa i-compressor iqaliswa, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiingxaki ezahlukeneyo ze-compressor, ezifana nokuqhekeka kwe-valve plate, umonakalo we-piston, ukungaphumeleli kweebheringi kunye nokukhukuliseka kweebheringi (I-refrigerant ikhupha ioyile kwiibheringi).
2. Ulwelo oluphuphumayo kwifriji
Xa ivalvu yokwandisa ingaphumeleli, okanye ifeni ye-evaporator ingaphumeleli okanye ivalwe sisihluzo somoya, i-liquid refrigerant iya kugcwala kwi-evaporator ize ingene kwi-compressor ngepayipi yokufunxa ngendlela yolwelo endaweni yomphunga. Xa iyunithi isebenza, ngenxa yokugcwala kolwelo okuxuba ioyile yefriji, iindawo ezihambayo ze-compressor ziyaguga, kwaye uxinzelelo lweoyile luyancipha, nto leyo ebangela ukuba isixhobo sokhuseleko loxinzelelo lweoyile sisebenze, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-crankcase ilahlekelwe yioyile. Kwimeko enjalo, ukuba umatshini uvaliwe, imeko yokufuduka kwe-refrigerant iya kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni i-liquid hammer iqalise kwakhona.
3. Ukubetha kolwelo
Xa kukho isando solwelo, isandi sokugquma kwesinyithi esivela ngaphakathi kwicompressor sinokuviwa, kwaye sinokuhamba nokungcangcazela okunamandla kwecompressor. I-Liquid slam inokubangela ukuqhekeka kwevalvu, umonakalo we-compressor head gasket, ukwaphuka kwentonga yokudibanisa, ukwaphuka kwe-crankshaft, kunye nomonakalo kwezinye iintlobo zecompressors. I-Liquid hammer yenzeka xa i-liquid refrigerant ingena kwi-crankcase ize iqalise kwakhona. Kwezinye iiyunithi, ngenxa yesakhiwo sepayipi okanye indawo yezixhobo, i-liquid refrigerant iya kuqokelelana kumbhobho wokufunxa okanye kwi-evaporator ngexesha lokuvala kweyunithi kwaye ingene kwi-compressor njengolwelo olucocekileyo kwaye ngesantya esiphezulu xa iyunithi ivuliwe. Isantya kunye ne-inertia ye-liquid slam zanele ukoyisa naluphi na ukhuseleko lwe-compressor eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kwi-liquid slam.
4. Isenzo sesixhobo sokulawula ukhuseleko lwe-hydraulic
Kwiseti yeeyunithi zobushushu obuphantsi, emva kwexesha lokunyibilika, isixhobo sokulawula ukhuseleko lweoyile sidla ngokubangelwa kukuphuma kwefriji engamanzi. Iinkqubo ezininzi zenzelwe ukuvumela ifriji ukuba iqine kwi-evaporator kunye nomtya wokufunxa ngexesha lokunyibilika, ize idlulele kwi-compressor crankcase xa iqalisa ukusebenza nto leyo ebangela ukwehla koxinzelelo lweoyile, nto leyo ebangela ukuba isixhobo sokhuseleko lweoyile sisebenze.
Ngamanye amaxesha isenzo esinye okanye ezibini zesixhobo sokulawula ukhuseleko loxinzelelo lweoyile aziyi kuba nempembelelo enkulu kwicompressor, kodwa ukuphinda-phinda amaxesha amaninzi ngaphandle kweemeko ezilungileyo zokuthambisa kuya kubangela ukuba icompressor ingaphumeleli. Isixhobo sokulawula ukhuseleko loxinzelelo lweoyile sidla ngokubonwa njengempazamo encinci ngumsebenzisi, kodwa sisilumkiso sokuba icompressor ibisebenza ngaphezulu kwemizuzu emibini ngaphandle kokuthambisa, kwaye amanyathelo okulungisa kufuneka aqaliswe ngexesha.
3. Izisombululo kwingxaki yeefriji ezingamanzi
I-compressor eyilwe kakuhle nesebenzayo yokukhenkceza, umoya opholileyo, kunye neempompo zobushushu ngokusisiseko yimpompo yomphunga enokuphatha kuphela inani elithile le-refrigerant yolwelo kunye neoyile yokukhenkceza. Ukuze kuyile i-compressor enokuphatha ii-refrigerant zolwelo kunye neoyile yokukhenkceza, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ubungakanani, ubunzima, amandla okupholisa, ukusebenza kakuhle, ingxolo kunye neendleko. Ngaphandle kwezinto zoyilo, ubungakanani be-refrigerant yolwelo enokuphathwa yi-compressor buzinzile, kwaye amandla ayo okuphatha axhomekeke kwezi zinto zilandelayo: umthamo we-crankcase, itshaja yeoyile yokukhenkceza, uhlobo lwenkqubo kunye nolawulo, kunye neemeko zokusebenza eziqhelekileyo.
Xa itshaja yefriji inyuka, iya kwandisa umngcipheko onokubakho wecompressor. Izizathu zomonakalo ngokubanzi zinokubangelwa zezi ngongoma zilandelayo:
(1) Intlawulo egqithisileyo yefriji.
(2) I-evaporator ikhenkcezisiwe.
(3) Isihluzi se-evaporator singcolile kwaye sivaliwe.
(4) Ifeni okanye i-motor yefeni ephumayo iyasilela.
(5) Ukukhetha okungalunganga kwe-capillary.
(6) Ukukhethwa okanye ukulungiswa kwevalvu yokwandisa akuchanekanga.
(7) Ukufuduka kwefriji.
1. Ukufuduka kolwelo olubandayo
Ukufuduka kwe-refrigerant kubhekisa ekuqokeleleni kwe-refrigerant engamanzi kwi-crankcase ye-compressor xa i-compressor ivaliwe. Logama nje ubushushu obungaphakathi kwi-compressor bupholile kunobushushu obungaphakathi kwi-evaporator, umahluko woxinzelelo phakathi kwe-compressor kunye ne-evaporator uya kuyiqhubela i-refrigerant kwindawo epholileyo. Le nto inokwenzeka kakhulu ebusika obubandayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwii-air conditioners kunye neepompo zobushushu, xa iyunithi yokufunxa ikude ne-compressor, ukufuduka kunokwenzeka nokuba ubushushu buphezulu.
Nje ukuba inkqubo ivaliwe, ukuba ayivulwanga kwiiyure ezimbalwa, nokuba akukho mahluko kuxinzelelo, into yokufuduka inokwenzeka ngenxa yokutsalwa kwefriji ekwi-crankcase kwi-refrigerant.
Ukuba i-refrigerant engaphezulu ingena kwi-crankcase ye-compressor, kuya kwenzeka into enzima ye-liquid slam xa i-compressor iqaliswa, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiingxaki ezahlukeneyo ze-compressor, ezifana nokuqhekeka kwe-valve plate, umonakalo we-piston, ukungaphumeleli kweebheringi kunye nokukhukuliseka kweebheringi (I-refrigerant ikhupha ioyile kwiibheringi).
2. Ulwelo oluphuphumayo kwifriji
Xa ivalvu yokwandisa ingaphumeleli, okanye ifeni ye-evaporator ingaphumeleli okanye ivalwe sisihluzo somoya, i-liquid refrigerant iya kugcwala kwi-evaporator ize ingene kwi-compressor ngepayipi yokufunxa ngendlela yolwelo endaweni yomphunga. Xa iyunithi isebenza, ngenxa yokugcwala kolwelo okuxuba ioyile yefriji, iindawo ezihambayo ze-compressor ziyaguga, kwaye uxinzelelo lweoyile luyancipha, nto leyo ebangela ukuba isixhobo sokhuseleko loxinzelelo lweoyile sisebenze, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-crankcase ilahlekelwe yioyile. Kwimeko enjalo, ukuba umatshini uvaliwe, imeko yokufuduka kwe-refrigerant iya kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni i-liquid hammer iqalise kwakhona.
3. Ukubetha kolwelo
Xa kukho isando solwelo, isandi sokugquma kwesinyithi esivela ngaphakathi kwicompressor sinokuviwa, kwaye sinokuhamba nokungcangcazela okunamandla kwecompressor. I-Liquid slam inokubangela ukuqhekeka kwevalvu, umonakalo we-compressor head gasket, ukwaphuka kwentonga yokudibanisa, ukwaphuka kwe-crankshaft, kunye nomonakalo kwezinye iintlobo zecompressors. I-Liquid hammer yenzeka xa i-liquid refrigerant ingena kwi-crankcase ize iqalise kwakhona. Kwezinye iiyunithi, ngenxa yesakhiwo sepayipi okanye indawo yezixhobo, i-liquid refrigerant iya kuqokelelana kumbhobho wokufunxa okanye kwi-evaporator ngexesha lokuvala kweyunithi kwaye ingene kwi-compressor njengolwelo olucocekileyo kwaye ngesantya esiphezulu xa iyunithi ivuliwe. Isantya kunye ne-inertia ye-liquid slam zanele ukoyisa naluphi na ukhuseleko lwe-compressor eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kwi-liquid slam.
4. Isenzo sesixhobo sokulawula ukhuseleko lwe-hydraulic
Kwiseti yeeyunithi zobushushu obuphantsi, emva kwexesha lokunyibilika, isixhobo sokulawula ukhuseleko lweoyile sidla ngokubangelwa kukuphuma kwefriji engamanzi. Iinkqubo ezininzi zenzelwe ukuvumela ifriji ukuba iqine kwi-evaporator kunye nomtya wokufunxa ngexesha lokunyibilika, ize idlulele kwi-compressor crankcase xa iqalisa ukusebenza nto leyo ebangela ukwehla koxinzelelo lweoyile, nto leyo ebangela ukuba isixhobo sokhuseleko lweoyile sisebenze.
Ngamanye amaxesha isenzo esinye okanye ezibini zesixhobo sokulawula ukhuseleko loxinzelelo lweoyile aziyi kuba nempembelelo enkulu kwicompressor, kodwa ukuphinda-phinda amaxesha amaninzi ngaphandle kweemeko ezilungileyo zokuthambisa kuya kubangela ukuba icompressor ingaphumeleli. Isixhobo sokulawula ukhuseleko loxinzelelo lweoyile sidla ngokubonwa njengempazamo encinci ngumsebenzisi, kodwa sisilumkiso sokuba icompressor ibisebenza ngaphezulu kwemizuzu emibini ngaphandle kokuthambisa, kwaye amanyathelo okulungisa kufuneka aqaliswe ngexesha.
3. Izisombululo kwingxaki yeefriji ezingamanzi
I-compressor eyilwe kakuhle nesebenzayo yokukhenkceza, umoya opholileyo, kunye neempompo zobushushu ngokusisiseko yimpompo yomphunga enokuphatha kuphela inani elithile le-refrigerant yolwelo kunye neoyile yokukhenkceza. Ukuze kuyile i-compressor enokuphatha ii-refrigerant zolwelo kunye neoyile yokukhenkceza, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ubungakanani, ubunzima, amandla okupholisa, ukusebenza kakuhle, ingxolo kunye neendleko. Ngaphandle kwezinto zoyilo, ubungakanani be-refrigerant yolwelo enokuphathwa yi-compressor buzinzile, kwaye amandla ayo okuphatha axhomekeke kwezi zinto zilandelayo: umthamo we-crankcase, itshaja yeoyile yokukhenkceza, uhlobo lwenkqubo kunye nolawulo, kunye neemeko zokusebenza eziqhelekileyo.
Xa itshaja yefriji inyuka, iya kwandisa umngcipheko onokubakho wecompressor. Izizathu zomonakalo ngokubanzi zinokubangelwa zezi ngongoma zilandelayo:
(1) Intlawulo egqithisileyo yefriji.
(2) I-evaporator ikhenkcezisiwe.
(3) Isihluzi se-evaporator singcolile kwaye sivaliwe.
(4) Ifeni okanye i-motor yefeni ephumayo iyasilela.
(5) Ukukhetha okungalunganga kwe-capillary.
(6) Ukukhethwa okanye ukulungiswa kwevalvu yokwandisa akuchanekanga.
(7) Ukufuduka kwefriji.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Meyi-31-2022
