1. Ubushushu: Ubushushu buyindlela yokulinganisa ukuba into ishushu okanye ibanda kangakanani.
Kukho iiyunithi ezintathu zobushushu ezisetyenziswa rhoqo (izikali zobushushu): iCelsius, iFahrenheit, kunye ne-absolute temperature.
Ubushushu beCelsius (t, ℃): ubushushu esibusebenzisa rhoqo. Ubushushu bulinganiswa nge-thermometer yeCelsius.
IFahrenheit (F, ℉): Ubushushu obusetyenziswa kakhulu kumazwe aseYurophu naseMelika.
ukuguqulwa kobushushu:
F (°F) = 9/5 * t(°C) +32 (Fumana ubushushu kwiFahrenheit ukusuka kubushushu obaziwayo kwiCelsius)
t (°C) = [F (°F)-32] * 5/9 (Fumana ubushushu kwiCelsius ukusuka kubushushu obaziwayo kwiFahrenheit)
Isikali sobushushu obupheleleyo (T, ºK): sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizibalo zethiyori.
Isikali sobushushu obupheleleyo kunye nokuguqulwa kobushushu beCelsius:
T (ºK) = t (°C) +273 (Fumana ubushushu obupheleleyo obuvela kubushushu obaziwayo kwiCelsius)
2. Uxinzelelo (P): Kwifriji, uxinzelelo ngamandla ami nkqo kwindawo yeyunithi, oko kukuthi, uxinzelelo, oluhlala lulinganiswa ngegeyiji yoxinzelelo kunye negeyiji yoxinzelelo.
Iiyunithi eziqhelekileyo zoxinzelelo zezi:
i-Mpa (i-megapascal);
I-Kpa (kPa);
ibha (ibha);
kgf/cm2 (amandla eekhilogram zesikwere sesentimitha);
i-atm (uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lomoya);
mmHg (iimilimitha zemercury).
Ulwalamano lokuguqula:
1Mpa=10bar=1000Kpa =7500.6 mmHg = 10.197 kgf/cm2
1atm=760mmHg=1.01326bar =0.101326Mpa
Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kubunjineli:
Ibha e-1 = 0.1Mpa ≈1 kgf/cm2 ≈ 1atm = 760 mmHg
Iimpawu ezininzi zoxinzelelo:
Uxinzelelo olupheleleyo (Pj): Kwisikhongozeli, uxinzelelo olufakwa eludongeni lwangaphakathi lwesikhongozeli ngentshukumo yobushushu yeemolekyuli. Uxinzelelo olukwitheyibhile yeempawu ze-thermodynamic zefriji ngokubanzi luxinzelelo olupheleleyo.
Uxinzelelo lwegeyiji (Pb): Uxinzelelo olulinganiswa ngegeyiji yoxinzelelo kwinkqubo yokukhenkcisa. Uxinzelelo lwegeyiji ngumahluko phakathi koxinzelelo lwegesi kwisikhongozeli kunye noxinzelelo lomoya. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukholelwa ukuba uxinzelelo lwegeyiji kunye ne-1bar, okanye i-0.1Mpa, lolona xinzelelo lupheleleyo.
Isidanga seVacuum (H): Xa uxinzelelo lwegeyiji luphantsi, thabatha ixabiso lalo elipheleleyo uze ulikhuphe kwisidanga seVacuum.
3. Itheyibhile yeepropati ze-thermodynamic ze-Refrigerant: Itheyibhile yeepropati ze-thermodynamic ze-refrigerant idwelisa ubushushu (ubushushu bokugcwala) kunye noxinzelelo (uxinzelelo lokugcwalisa) kunye nezinye iiparameter ze-refrigerant kwimeko yokugcwala. Kukho ukuhambelana phakathi kobushushu kunye noxinzelelo lwe-refrigerant kwimeko yokugcwala.
Ngokwesiqhelo kukholelwa ukuba i-refrigerant ekwi-evaporator, i-condenser, i-gas-liquid separator, kunye ne-low-pressure circulating barrel ikwimeko yokugcwala. Umphunga (ulwelo) kwimeko yokugcwala ubizwa ngokuba yi-saturated vapor (ulwelo), kwaye ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo oluhambelanayo zibizwa ngokuba yi-saturation temperature kunye ne-saturation pressure.
Kwinkqubo yokukhenkcisa, kwi-refrigerant, ubushushu bayo bokugcwala kunye noxinzelelo lokugcwalisa zihambelana ngqo. Okukhona ubushushu bokugcwalisa buphezulu, kokukhona uxinzelelo lokugcwalisa luphezulu.
Ukufuma kwe-refrigerant kwi-evaporator kunye nokufuma kwi-condenser kwenziwa kwimeko egcwele amanzi, ngoko ke ubushushu bokufuma kunye noxinzelelo lokufuma, kunye nobushushu bokufuma kunye noxinzelelo lokufuma nazo zikwimeko yokuhambelana komntu nomnye. Ubudlelwane obuhambelanayo bungafumaneka kwitheyibhile yeempawu ze-thermodynamic ze-refrigerant.
4. Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa ubushushu befriji kunye noxinzelelo:
5. Umphunga oshushu kakhulu kunye nolwelo olupholileyo kakhulu: Phantsi koxinzelelo oluthile, ubushushu bomphunga buphezulu kunobushushu bokugcwala phantsi koxinzelelo oluhambelanayo, olubizwa ngokuba ngumphunga oshushu kakhulu. Phantsi koxinzelelo oluthile, ubushushu bomphunga buphantsi kunobushushu bokugcwala phantsi koxinzelelo oluhambelanayo, olubizwa ngokuba lulwelo olupholileyo kakhulu.
Ixabiso apho ubushushu bokufunxa budlula khona ubushushu bokugcwala libizwa ngokuba yi-suction superheat. Iqondo lobushushu bokufunxa ngokubanzi kufuneka lilawulwe kwi-5 ukuya kwi-10 °C.
Ixabiso lobushushu bolwelo obuphantsi kunobushushu bokugcwala libizwa ngokuba yi-liquid subcooling degree. I-liquid subcooling idla ngokwenzeka ezantsi kwe-condenser, kwi-economizer, nakwi-intercooler. I-liquid subcooling ngaphambi kwe-throttle valve iluncedo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kokupholisa.
6. Ukufuma, ukufunxa, ukukhupha umoya, uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu
Uxinzelelo lokuphuma komphunga (ubushushu): Uxinzelelo (ubushushu) lwefriji engaphakathi kwi-evaporator. Uxinzelelo lokufutha (ubushushu): Uxinzelelo (ubushushu) lwefriji ekwi-condenser.
Uxinzelelo lokufunxa (ubushushu): Uxinzelelo (ubushushu) kwizibuko lokufunxa lecompressor. Uxinzelelo lokukhupha (ubushushu): Uxinzelelo (ubushushu) kwizibuko lokukhupha icompressor.
7. Umahluko kubushushu: umahluko kubushushu bokudlulisa ubushushu: ubhekisa kumahluko kubushushu phakathi kolwelo olubini kumacala omabini odonga lokudlulisa ubushushu. Umahluko kubushushu ngamandla aqhuba ukudlulisa ubushushu.
Umzekelo, kukho umahluko phakathi kobushushu phakathi kwe-refrigerant namanzi okupholisa; i-refrigerant kunye ne-brine; i-refrigerant kunye nomoya we-warehouse. Ngenxa yokuba kukho umahluko phakathi kobushushu bokudlulisa ubushushu, ubushushu bento eza kupholiswa buphezulu kunobushushu bokufuma; ubushushu bokufuma buphezulu kunobushushu be-cooler medium ye-condenser.
8. Umswakama: Umswakama ubhekisa kumswakama womoya. Umswakama yinto echaphazela ukudluliselwa kobushushu.
Kukho iindlela ezintathu zokubonakalisa umswakama:
Umswakama opheleleyo (Z): Ubunzima bomphunga wamanzi nge-cubic meter yomoya.
Ubungakanani bokufuma (d): Ubungakanani bomphunga wamanzi obukwikhilogram enye yomoya owomileyo (g).
Umswakama ohambelanayo (φ): Ubonisa inqanaba apho umswakama opheleleyo womoya usondele khona kumswakama opheleleyo ogcweleyo.
Kwiqondo lobushushu elithile, umlinganiselo othile womoya unokugcina kuphela umlinganiselo othile womphunga wamanzi. Ukuba lo mda ugqithiwe, umphunga wamanzi ogqithisileyo uya kujika ube yinkungu. Lo mlinganiselo uthile womphunga wamanzi ubizwa ngokuba ngumswakama ogcweleyo. Phantsi komswakama ogcweleyo, kukho umswakama opheleleyo ogcweleyo ohambelanayo i-ZB, otshintsha ngobushushu bomoya.
Kwiqondo elithile lobushushu, xa umswakama womoya ufikelela kumswakama ogcweleyo, ubizwa ngokuba ngumoya ogcweleyo, kwaye awusakwazi ukwamkela umphunga wamanzi omninzi; umoya onokuqhubeka nokwamkela umlinganiselo othile womphunga wamanzi ubizwa ngokuba ngumoya ongagcwaliyo.
Umswakama ohambelanayo ngumlinganiselo womswakama opheleleyo u-Z womoya ongagcwaliyo ukuya kumswakama opheleleyo u-ZB womoya ogcweleyo. φ=Z/ZB×100%. Yisebenzise ukubonisa indlela osondele ngayo umswakama opheleleyo wokwenyani kumswakama ogcweleyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-08-2022
