1. Indawo eyakhiweyo
(1) Ngaphambi kokuba wakhe indawo yokugcina izinto ezibandayo, umsebenzisi kufuneka ehlise umgangatho wendawo yokugcina izinto ezibandayo nge-200-250mm, aze alungiselele umgangatho;
(2) Iipayipi zokukhupha amanzi phantsi kombhobho kunye neepayipi zokukhupha amanzi abandayo kufuneka zishiywe phantsi kwendawo yokugcina amanzi abandayo. Akukho payipi yokukhupha amanzi phantsi kombhobho kwisikhenkcezisi kwaye iipayipi zokukhupha amanzi abandayo kufuneka zibe ngaphandle kwendawo yokugcina amanzi abandayo;
(3) Indawo yokugcina izinto ezishushu kancinci ifuna ukufakwa kweengcingo zokufudumeza phantsi, kwaye enye ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwenye. Emva kokuba iingcingo zokufudumeza zibekwe emhlabeni, umaleko wokukhusela umgangatho ungabekwa ngokhuseleko olumalunga ne-2 mm kwangoko. Ukuba umgangatho apho kukho indawo yokugcina izinto ezibandayo ngowona mgangatho usezantsi, iingcingo zokufudumeza azinakusetyenziswa kumgangatho wendawo yokugcina izinto ezishushu kancinci.
2. Ibhodi yokukhusela ubushushu
Ibhodi yokukhusela ubushushu kufuneka ihambelane nomgangatho wesizwe kwaye ibe nengxelo yovavanyo evela kwi-Bureau of Technical Supervision.
2.1 Izinto zokuvala ubushushu
Izinto zokuthintela ubushushu kufuneka zisebenzise ibhodi yokuthintela ubushushu edityanisiweyo ene-polyurethane foam composite enepleyiti yentsimbi etshiziweyo ngeplastiki okanye ipleyiti yentsimbi engatyiwayo kumacala omabini, enobukhulu obuyi-100mm ubuncinane. Izinto zokuthintela ubushushu azinalangatye kwaye azinazo ii-CFC. Kuvumelekile ukongeza umlinganiselo othile wezinto zokuqinisa ukuphucula ukusebenza, kodwa akunakunciphisa ukusebenza kokuthintela ubushushu.
2.2 Icala lephaneli eligqunywe nge-insulation
(1) Iiphaneli zangaphakathi nezangaphandle ziipleyiti zentsimbi ezinemibala.
(2) Umaleko wokugquma weepleyiti zentsimbi ezinemibala kufuneka ungabi natyhefu, ungabi navumba, ungabi namhlwa, kwaye uhambelane nemigangatho yococeko lokutya yamazwe ngamazwe.
2.3 Iimfuno zokusebenza ngokubanzi kwesikhuselo sobushushu
(1) Akukho zinto zokukhusela ubushushu eziveziweyo ezivumelekileyo kumphezulu wokufakelwa kwebhodi yokukhusela ubushushu, kwaye akufuneki kubekho ziphene ezinobungqingqwa obungaphezulu kwe-1.5mm kumphezulu wokudibanisa.
(2) Umphezulu webhodi yokukhusela ubushushu kufuneka ugcinwe uthe tyaba kwaye uthambile, kwaye akufuneki kubekho ukugoba, imikrwelo, amaqhuma, okanye iziphene ezingalinganiyo.
(3) Amanyathelo okuqinisa avumelekile ukuba athathwe ngaphakathi kwibhodi yokukhusela ubushushu ukuphucula amandla oomatshini, kodwa akuvumelekanga ukunciphisa isiphumo sokukhusela ubushushu.
(4) Izinto ezijikelezileyo zebhodi yokugquma ubushushu kufuneka zibe zizinto eziqinileyo ezifanayo nezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zokugquma ubushushu, kwaye ezinye izinto ezinobushushu obuphezulu azivumelekanga.
(5) Kufuneka kubekho amanyathelo okuthintela iibhulorho ezibandayo kwiindawo eziphakathi kweepaneli zodonga zokuthintela ubushushu kunye nomhlaba.
(6) Iindibano phakathi kweebhodi zokuthintela ubushushu mazivalwe ngeglu yeglasi okanye enye into engenabungozi, engenavumba lingaqhelekanga, engenakuguqulwa kwezinto eziyingozi, ehlangabezana neemfuno zococeko lokutya kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuvala.
(7) Ulwakhiwo loqhagamshelo phakathi kweepaneli zokuthintela ubushushu kufuneka luqinisekise uxinzelelo phakathi kwamalungu kunye noqhagamshelo oluqinileyo lwamalungu.
2.4 Iimfuneko zokufakelwa kwekhava yobushushu
Umthungo ophakathi kwebhodi yokugcina impahla kunye nebhodi yokugcina impahla kufuneka uvalwe kakuhle, umdibaniso ophakathi kweebhodi ezimbini zokugcina impahla kufuneka ube ngaphantsi kwe-1.5mm, kwaye isakhiwo kufuneka siqine kwaye sithembeke. Emva kokudibanisa umzimba wokugcina, zonke izihlanganisi zeebhodi zokugcina kufuneka zigqunywe ngesitywina esiqhubekayo nesilinganayo. Izakhiwo ezinqamlezileyo zezihlanganisi ezahlukeneyo zichazwe ngezantsi.
2.5 Umzobo wesicwangciso sokudibanisa iibhodi zethala leencwadi
Xa ubude bophahla budlula i-4m okanye uphahla lwendawo yokugcina izinto ezibandayo lulayishiwe, uphahla lwendawo yokugcina izinto ezibandayo kufuneka luphakanyiswe. Indawo yebholithi kufuneka ikhethwe embindini wepleyiti yethala leencwadi. Ukuze amandla epleyiti yethala leencwadi afane kangangoko, kufuneka kusetyenziswe intsimbi ye-aluminium alloy angle okanye i-mushroom cap njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso.
2.6 Iimfuneko zokutywina kwiindawo zokugcina iibhodi zokukhusela ubushushu
(1) Kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba izinto zokukhusela ubushushu zebhodi lodonga kwindawo ephakathi kwebhodi lodonga nomhlaba ziqhagamshelwe ngokusondeleyo nezinto zokukhusela ubushushu kumgangatho, kunye nokuvalwa okuthembekileyo kunye nonyango olungenamanzi.
(2) Ukuba iindawo ezidityanisiweyo zeebhodi zokuthintela ubushushu zivalwe kwaye zibotshelelwe ngokuthululwa kunye nokugqwala kwindawo, okokuqala, qinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zokuthintela ubushushu zeebhodi zokuthintela ubushushu ezimbini zinokudityaniswa ngokusondeleyo, uze usebenzise iteyipu yokutywina ukuncamathisela ngokulinganayo umphezulu odibeneyo ukuze kususwe izikhewu kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuba indawo yokuthintela ubushushu ibotshelelwe ngokuqinileyo.
(3) Izinto zokutywina ezikwindawo edibeneyo yebhodi yokugquma ubushushu mazibe zezokuthintela ukuguga, zingabi nabungozi, zingabi nabungozi, zingabi navumba lingaqhelekanga, zingabi nabungozi kwizinto eziyingozi, zihlangabezane neemfuno zokucoceka kokutya kwaye zibe nokusebenza kakuhle kokutywina. Izinto zokutywina ezikwindawo ehlanganisiweyo akufuneki zitshintshelwe okanye zingabi kwindawo yazo ukuqinisekisa ukuba isitywina esikwindawo ehlanganisiweyo siqinile kwaye silingana.
(4) Ukuba iteyiphu yokutywina isetyenziselwa ukutywina amalungu eephaneli zokukhusela ubushushu, ubungakanani bamalungu abuyi kuba ngaphezu kwe-3mm.
(5) Iiphaneli zokuthintela ubushushu ezenza umzimba wokugcina kufuneka zihlanganiswe kwicala lokuphakama kwazo, zingabi namalungu aphakathi athe tye.
(6) Ubukhulu bomaleko wokukhusela umgangatho wokugcina ubushushu kufuneka bube yi-≥ 100mm.
(7) Kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okunciphisa isiphumo "sebhulorho ebandayo" kwisakhiwo sendawo yokuphakamisa uphahla lomzimba wokugcina, kwaye imingxunya kwindawo yokuphakamisa kufuneka ivalwe.
(8) Ukuqhuba kobushushu kwezinto ezikwindawo yokuphakamisa eziqhagamshelwe kwibhodi yokugcina impahla kufuneka kube kuncinci, kwaye umphezulu ongaphakathi wendlu yokugcina impahla kufuneka ugutyungelwe ngesiciko sezinto ezifanayo.
3. Iimfuneko zomnyango wokugcina ubanda osele wenziwe kwangaphambili
1) Indawo yokugcina izinto ezibandayo esele yenziwe ngaphambili ixhotyiswe ngeentlobo ezintathu zeengcango: ucango olune-hinged, ucango oluzenzekelayo olunecala elinye, kunye nocango olunecala elinye.
2) Ubukhulu, umaleko womphezulu kunye neemfuno zokusebenza kwe-thermal insulation yomnyango wokugcina ubushushu ziyafana nezo zephaneli yokugcina, kwaye ulwakhiwo lwesakhelo somnyango kunye nomnyango akufuneki lube neebhlorho ezibandayo.
3) Zonke iifreyimu zeminyango yokugcina izinto ezibandayo ezinobushushu obuphantsi kufuneka zifakwe izixhobo zokufudumeza ngombane okanye izixhobo zokufudumeza eziphakathi ukuthintela isitywino somnyango ukuba singaqandi. Xa kusetyenziswa ukufudumeza ngombane, kufuneka kubonelelwe ngezixhobo zokukhusela ukufudumeza ngombane kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko.
4) Iingcango zeefriji ezincinci kunye neefriji ziingcango ezixhonywe emacaleni ngesandla. Umphezulu wocango kufuneka ufane nowephaneli yokuthintela ubushushu. Akufanele kubekho "ibhulorho ebandayo" kwisiphatho socango kunye nolwakhiwo locango, kwaye ukuvulwa kocango kufuneka kube ngaphezulu kwama-90 degrees.
5) Ucango lokugcina izinto ezibandayo luxhotyiswe ngesitshixo socango, kwaye isitshixo socango sinomsebenzi wokukhulula ngokukhuselekileyo.
6) Zonke iingcango zendlu yokugcina impahla mazibe bhetyebhetye kwaye zikhanyise ukuze zivuleke kwaye zivale. Indawo yokuvala ifreyimu yomnyango kunye nomnyango ngokwawo kufuneka zibe bushelelezi kwaye zithe tyaba, kwaye akufuneki kubekho iziphelo ezigobileyo, ezirhabaxa, okanye ezikrufu ezigobileyo okanye ezivezwe ukuba zibangele ukukrwela nokukhuhla. Ingadityaniswa nomjikelezo wefreyimu yomnyango.
4. Izixhobo zethala leencwadi
1) Indawo yokugcina ebanda enobushushu obuphantsi (ubushushu bokugcina <-5°C = isixhobo sombane sokufudumeza esithintela ukukhenkceza kunye nesixhobo sokulawula ubushushu ngokuzenzekelayo kufuneka sixhotyiswe phantsi komhlaba ukuze kuthintelwe ngokufanelekileyo ukukhenkceza kunye nokuguquka komphezulu ongaphantsi kwebhodi yokugcina.
2) Indawo yokugcina impahla ixhotyiswe ngezibane ezikhazimlayo ezimelana nokufuma kunye nokuqhuma, ezinokusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kwi -25°C. Isibane kufuneka singabi namanzi, singabi nagqwala, singabi na-asidi, kwaye singabi na-alkali. Ukukhanya okukwindawo yokugcina impahla kufuneka kuhlangabezane neemfuno zokungena, ukuphuma kunye nokugcinwa kweempahla, kwaye ukukhanya komhlaba kufuneka kube ngaphezulu kwe-200lux.
3) Zonke izixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezikwindawo yokugcina izinto ebandayo kufuneka ziphathwe ngonyango lokulwa nokugqwala kunye nokulwa nokugqwala, kodwa kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba ugqubuthelo alunatyhefu, alungcolisi ukutya, alunavumba lingaqhelekanga, kulula ukulucoca, alulula ukuzala iintsholongwane, kwaye luyahlangabezana neemfuno zococeko lokutya.
4) Imingxunya yemibhobho kufuneka ivalwe, ingafumi kwaye igqunywe ngobushushu, kwaye umphezulu kufuneka ube mpuluswa.
5) Indawo yokugcina ebanda enobushushu obuphantsi kufuneka ibe nesixhobo sokulinganisela uxinzelelo ukuthintela nokususa umahluko omkhulu woxinzelelo emzimbeni wokugcina kunye nokuguquka komzimba wokugcina okubangelwa kukutshintsha kobushushu ngequbuliso.
6) Izixhobo zokulwa nokungqubana kufuneka zifakwe ecaleni kwendlela engaphandle kwendawo yokugcina izinto ebandayo. Ikhethini yeplastiki ekhanyayo nengangeni bushushu buphantsi kufuneka ifakwe ngaphakathi komnyango wendlu yokugcina impahla.
7) Kufuneka isalathisi sobushushu sifakwe kufutshane nomnyango wendlu yokugcina impahla.
8) Indawo yokugcina amanzi abandayo kufuneka ifakwe umsele wokukhupha amanzi amdaka ukuze amanzi amdaka akhutshwe xa kucoca indawo yokugcina amanzi abandayo.
5. Imigangatho yokukhetha izinto eziphambili kunye nezixhobo
Zonke izixhobo kufuneka zihambelane nemigangatho yesizwe, kwaye zibe nesatifikethi sokuhambelana nemigaqo kunye nengxelo yovavanyo evela kwi-Technical Supervision Bureau.
Imigangatho yokufakelwa kwee-air coolers kunye neepayipi
1. Ufakelo lwe-cooler
1) Indawo yokufaka isibandisi somoya kufuneka ibe kude nomnyango wendlu yokugcina impahla, embindini wodonga, kwaye isibandisi somoya emva kokufakelwa kufuneka sigcinwe sithe tyaba;
2) Isibandisi somoya siphakanyiswa eluphahleni, kwaye ukufakelwa kwaso kufuneka kulungiswe ngeebholiti ezikhethekileyo ze-nylon (i-nylon yezinto ezibonakalayo 66) ukuthintela ukwakheka kweebhulorho ezibandayo;
3) Xa kusetyenziswa iibholithi ukulungisa i-air cooler, kufuneka kufakwe iibhloko zomthi ezisikwere ezinobude obungaphezulu kwe-100mm kunye nobukhulu obungaphezulu kwe-5mm phezulu kophahla ukuze kwandiswe indawo ethwala umthwalo webhodi yokugcina impahla, kuthintelwe ukuba ibhodi yokugcina impahla ingaguquki, kwaye kuthintelwe ukwakheka kweebhulorho ezibandayo;
4) Umgama phakathi kwesixhobo sokupholisa umoya kunye nodonga olungasemva yi-300-500mm, okanye ngokwesayizi ebonelelwe ngumvelisi wesixhobo sokupholisa umoya;
5) Icala lomoya le-air cooler alinakuguqulwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-air cooler ivuthela ngaphandle;
6) Xa indawo yokugcina ebandayo inyibilika, injini yefeni kufuneka iqhawulwe ukuze kuthintelwe umoya oshushu ukuba ungavuthelwa kwindawo yokugcina ngexesha lokunyibilika;
7) Ukuphakama komthwalo kwindawo yokugcina izinto ezibandayo kufuneka kube ngaphantsi ngama-30cm ubuncinane kunomgangatho we-air cooler.
2. Ukufakelwa kwemibhobho yefriji
1) Xa ufaka ivalvu yokwandisa, iphakheji yokuva ubushushu kufuneka ibotshelelwe kwinxalenye ephezulu yombhobho wokubuyisela umoya othe tye, kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuba idibana kakuhle nombhobho wokubuyisela umoya. Umphandle wombhobho wokubuyisela umoya kufuneka ugqunywe nge-insulation ukuthintela ukuba iphakheji yokuva ubushushu ingachaphazeleki bubushushu bokugcina;
2) Ngaphambi kokuba umbhobho wokubuyisela umoya we-air cooler uphume kwindawo yokugcina impahla, kufuneka kufakwe i-oyile return bend ezantsi kombhobho wokuphakamisa amanzi;
3) Xa igumbi lokucubungula elifrijiweyo kunye negumbi lokugcina elifrijiweyo okanye ikhabhinethi yobushushu obuphakathi zabelana ngeyunithi enye, kufuneka kufakwe ivalvu elawula uxinzelelo oluphumayo ngaphambi kokuba umbhobho womoya obuyayo wegumbi lokucubungula elifrijiweyo uqhagamshelwe kwimibhobho yezinye iikhabhinethi zokugcina ezifrijiweyo okanye zobushushu obuphakathi;
4) Indawo yokugcina ubushushu nganye kufuneka ifake iivalvu zebhola ezizimeleyo kumbhobho wokubuyisela umoya kunye nombhobho wokuhambisa ulwelo ukuze kube lula ukusebenza nokugcinwa.
Ukukhethwa, ukuwelda, ukubeka, ukulungisa, kunye nokugcinwa kobushushu kwezinye iipayipi kufuneka kwenziwe ngokuhambelana nemigangatho echazwe kwi-"Refrigeration Pipeline Engineering Materials, Construction, and Inspection Standards".
3. Ukufakelwa kombhobho wokukhupha amanzi
1) Umbhobho wokukhupha amanzi ohamba ngaphakathi kwindawo yokugcina amanzi kufuneka ube mfutshane kangangoko; umbhobho wokukhupha amanzi ohamba ngaphandle kwendawo yokugcina amanzi kufuneka usebenze kwindawo engabonakaliyo ngasemva okanye ecaleni kwendawo yokugcina amanzi ebandayo ukuthintela ukungqubana nokuchaphazela imbonakalo;
2) Umbhobho wokukhupha amanzi wefeni yokupholisa kufuneka ube nomthambeka othile okhokelela ngaphandle kwendawo yokugcina ebandayo, ukuze amanzi anyibilikisayo akhutshwe kakuhle kwindawo yokugcina ebandayo;
3) Kwindawo yokugcina ebandayo enobushushu obusebenzayo obungaphantsi kwe-5°C, umbhobho wokukhupha amanzi kwindawo yokugcina kufuneka uxhotyiswe ngombhobho wokukhusela (ubukhulu bodonga bungaphezulu kwe-25mm);
4) Intambo yokufudumeza kufuneka ifakwe kumbhobho wokukhupha amanzi kwifriji;
5) Umbhobho odibanisayo ngaphandle kwendawo yokugcina impahla kufuneka uxhotyiswe ngesixhobo sokukhupha amanzi, kwaye kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba kukho ulwelo oluthile olutywiniweyo kumbhobho ukuthintela ukuba umoya oshushu kakhulu ngaphandle kwendawo yokugcina impahla ungangeni kwindawo yokugcina ebandayo;
6) Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba umbhobho wokukhupha amanzi ungangcoli kwaye uvaleke, indawo yokugcina amanzi ebandayo nganye kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngepayipi yokukhupha amanzi engaphantsi eyahlukileyo yokunyibilikisa iqhwa (indawo yokugcina efrijini ingafakelwa ngaphakathi kwindawo yokugcina amanzi, kwaye ifriji mayifakelwe ngaphandle).
4. Eminye imigangatho yobunjineli
Ukwakhiwa kwendawo yegumbi lomatshini, umoya ongenisayo, ukulungiswa kweyunithi, njl.njl. kuya kwenziwa ngokuhambelana ngqo ne "Imigangatho yoKwakha nokuhlola yoBunjineli obuSisiseko".
Ukwakhiwa kobunjineli bombane kwindawo yokugcina izinto ezibandayo kufuneka kwenziwe ngokuhambelana "neMigangatho yoKwakha noVavanyo loBunjineli boMbane".
5. Ukubalwa komthwalo wokugcina izinto ezibandayo
Umthwalo ochanekileyo wokugcina ukutya okubandayo kufuneka ubalwe ngokwesoftware yokubala. Isoftware esetyenziswa rhoqo iquka iWittboxnp 4.12, iCrs.exe, njl. Ukuba izinto ezifana nokugcina ukutya, ubushushu bokugcina ukutya, ixesha lokugcina, inani leengcango ezivulekileyo, kunye nenani labaqhubi azinakumiselwa, ezi ndlela zilandelayo zingasetyenziselwa ukuqikelela:
5.1 Umthwalo wokupholisa weefriji kunye neefriji ubalwa ngokwe-W0=75W/m3 nge-cubic meter nganye, kwaye uphindaphindwe ngezi zinto zilandelayo zokulungisa.
1) Ukuba u-V (umthamo wendawo yokugcina ebandayo) < 30 m3, kwindawo yokugcina ebandayo eneminyango evulekayo rhoqo, i-multiplication factor A=1.2
2) Ukuba i-30 m3≤V<100 m3, indawo yokugcina ebandayo enamaxesha okuvula ucango rhoqo, into yokuphindaphinda A=1.1
3) Ukuba i-V≥100 m3, indawo yokugcina ebandayo enamaxesha okuvula rhoqo ucango, i-multiplication factor A=1.0
4) Ukuba yindawo yokugcina ebandayo enye, i-multiplication factor B=1.1, enye i-B=1
Umthwalo wokugqibela wokupholisa W=A*B*W0*umthamo
5.2 Ukuhambelana komthwalo phakathi kokucubungula
Kwigumbi lokucoca elivulekileyo, bala nge-W0=100W/m3 nge-cubic meter nganye, uze uphindaphinde ngezi coefficients zokulungisa ezilandelayo.
Kwigumbi lokucubungula elivaliweyo, bala ngokwe-W0=80W/m3 nge-cubic meter nganye, uze uphindaphinde nge-coefficient yokulungisa elandelayo.
1) Ukuba u-V (umthamo wegumbi lokucubungula) < 50 m3, phinda-phinda nge-factor A = 1.1
2) Ukuba V≥50 m3, i-multiplication factor A=1.0
Umthwalo wokugqibela wokupholisa W=A*W0*umthamo
5.3 Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, isithuba sephiko lefeni yokupholisa kwigumbi lokucubungula kunye nendawo yokugcina izinto ezibandayo yi-3-5mm, kwaye isithuba sephiko lefeni yokupholisa efrijini yi-6-8mm
5.4 Umthamo wokufaka efrijini weyunithi ekhethiweyo yokukhenkcisa kufuneka ube ngumthwalo wokugcina obandayo ongu-≥/0.85, kwaye ubushushu bokufuma obuhambelanayo kufuneka bube ngaphantsi kwe-2-3°C kunobushushu bokufuma kwi-air cooler (ukulahlekelwa kukumelana kufuneka kuqwalaselwe).
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-30-2023
